15 Steps to Validate your Product or Business Idea
validating your product or business idea--definitely an important thing to do!
I am looking for a UI/UX designer who specializes in mobile app design. The project involves creating a full design with an interactive prototype for a mobile app. I would like to discuss further if there are any existing branding materials that need to be incorporated into the design. The ideal candidate should have experience in creating wireframes and high-fidelity mockups, as well as the ability to create a full design with an interactive prototype.
...randomly chosen number within a specified range. These ideas provide a starting point for creating an engaging and interactive game that combines physical activity with card-based guessing. Here is the figma prototype made by us: what we need: 1. Low fidelity UI (Need to be completed by 6th December night) 2. Figma UI Design (Need to be completed by 10th of December) 3. Interactive prototype (Need to be completed by 11th December) 4. Interactive prototype with animation by 14th of December Budget is 180 USD. we can discuss about the project in details by call. I can explain about the flow so that your work gonna be smooth and faster. Please apply if you are
...will take care of the integrations with the back-end and everything that entails. We hope that you provide static files, html, css and js, with generic images, if any component requires to be dynamic for authentication, we hope that you provide both versions (for example the menu for logged in and non logged in users). Requirements: -Responsive -"White and dark" version. -Vanilla Javascript, no jquery. -Tailwind must be used Site Features: -Based on a credit system for generating images, so it is important to see how many credits you have in the authenticated menu. -User interaction is based on comments on images, followers system and "like" system on images. -Users and images can obtain milestones/achievements, in the case of images we would like to "h...
I am looking to develop a water leakage detection system for my IoT project. I am open to suggestions for specific requirements and features. My preferred platform for the project is Arduino. Ideal skills and experience for the job include: - Proficiency in cloud integration and leckage detection - Knowledge of IoT systems and sensors - Experience in developing water leakage detection systems - Familiarity with data analysis and visualization - Ability to suggest and implement innovative features for the project
...allows users to submit and vote on captions. - Looking for clean, professional code that uses OOP when warranted. - I wish to avoid installing any additional plugins unless absolutely necessary, but let me know if one should be considered. (for example to enable facebook login) - I like to be selective about which libraries we use on the site. In an effort to avoid unnecessary bloat. - I do use jquery, slick, bootstrap. If there are any other libraries you are considering using, I would like to discuss. - currently running wordpress 6.4.1 version. - Potential ongoing similar work in the future. - I'm looking for developer I can count on long term. - Creativity is encouraged. - Open to hear about ideas for improvement. - Use slick and show a slideshow with
I am looking for an electronics designer to help me with a project involving the development of a medicine pill dispenser. Specific Requirements: - I have specific requirements for the electronics design that need to be met. Intended Purpose: - The electronic design will be used for research and prototype development purposes. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Experience in PCB design, circuit design, and firmware development - Knowledge of medical devices and regulations - Ability to meet specific requirements and adhere to project timelines - Strong problem-solving skills and attention to detail. If you have the necessary skills and experience, please reach out to discuss the project further.
I am looking for a skilled designer to create a mobile responsive homepage based on our existing HTML design. The ideal candidate will have experience in making corrections to layout and spacing. The design should have an artistic theme and incorporate touch-friendly elements for a seamless mobile experience. The specific requirements for the project include: Simple prototype FIGMA file for mobile : reference html link (code available on server) desktop - mobile - =============================== - Making corrections to the layout and spacing of the existing HTML design - Creating an artistic theme for the new
We are looking Freelancers who have working experience in Financial ERP and strong knowledge of Asp.net MVC, MS SQL Server and jQuery. We have already developed Web based accounting and inventory management application. We require to add some feature and functionality like WhatsApp, email, notifications, SMS, email, document attachments. Also we require to enhance UI and dashboard. We require to add some modules like Service, CRM, Production, HRM in our existing ERP. We will provide you support in Database, store procedure, Query. We will present our existing Web based application and vb6 based erp Application to you. Freelancer should be able to create document and must have understanding of Financial and Inventory ERP. Working knowledge of Dev Express will be plus point as w...
A complete school management system for basic schools with online payment support, online assignments creation and submission, and incorporate modern design standards and style. It's mobile-friendly as well. See working prototype here: Buyers, Developers, Marketers, and partners needed. Pending Features: ChatGPT API integration Adaptive Mock tests and Exams. Tools and Technologies - Django and python - No caveats, very versatile
Project Title: Hedging Application Development Overview: We are seeking a skilled freelanc...the development of a comprehensive hedging app aimed at assisting SMEs in managing currency risks associated with their transactions. The app will provide functionalities for risk assessment, automated hedging execution, and secondary hedging strategies to mitigate financial exposures. • Use case and user story creation. 2. Design and Prototyping: • Wireframing, UI/UX design, and clickable prototype development. 3. Development Phase: • Front-end and back-end development. • Integration with APIs (currency rates, trading platforms). • Algorithm implementation for risk assessment and recommendation. 4. Testing and Quality Assurance: • Unit testing, usabi...
We are looking for someone to help us create a front-end analytics dashboard using anvil. We have created a prototype dashboard using streamlit, but want to move to a production-ready prototype with real users and want to use anvil to help build the front-end of the web-application. The application will need to use anvil's uplink feature to communicate with our back-end python code to display the relevant visualisation (network graphs & plotly charts) and text output on the dashboard. The applicant must have previous experience using anvil, including setting up user authentication and APIs. Because the back-end code has been written, this project focuses on helping us build the front-end dashboard. The estimated budget for this project is $50AUD and estimated delive...
...for a skilled Figma to HTML, and CSS designer to design a home page and product page for my project. The page is small and I have a specific design in mind that I would like you to follow. I need the project to be completed within a week. Additionally, I require the design to be responsive for different screen sizes. Ideal skills and experience for this job include proficiency in HTML, CSS, and jQuery and experience in responsive web design. I also have to create 3-4 other pages like About Us, Career, Blog, Gallery, product info page, and Contact Us page. But right now I have to make only 2 pages. If I like your budget and quality of work, then I will talk to you about further work. Home page: (Copy)?type=design&node-id=
A qualified Mobile Developer is required for translating code into a user-friendly native dating application for both IOS and Android. I would aim to have a long-term working relationship with you. The designs are complete and now development is the next phase of this project. In the event that redesign is required it would be very minimal. There is a prototype so you should have a good indication of how the application should be developed. Testing off application will be taken out with a group of users prior to launch. Responsibilities Support the entire application lifecycle (concept, design, test, release and support) Produce fully functional mobile applications writing clean code Write unit and UI tests to identify malfunctions Troubleshoot and debug to optimize performance...
Trucking Management System (TMS) Purpose: - To replicate our trucking management system (TMS) built on Airtable & Softr and all...Management System (TMS) Purpose: - To replicate our trucking management system (TMS) built on Airtable & Softr and allow subscribers user access via a website interface and/or application. Features and functionalities: - The management system allows trucking companies to manage and streamline their operation and/or assign dispatchers. Design customization: - A custom design similar to our prototype theme for both the website and application Ideal skills and experience: - Proficiency in web and application development - Experience in creating interactive platforms, airtable and databases. - Strong expertise in custom design and user interfac...
I am looking for a skilled freelancer to create a digital prototype for my website project development. The prototype will be used on the web platform. Although I do have specific features or functionalities in mind, I have a rough idea of what I want. Ideal skills and experience for this job include: - Proficiency in web design and development - Experience in creating digital prototypes - Ability to understand and translate rough ideas into functional prototypes - Creativity in designing user-friendly interfaces - Strong attention to detail and ability to meet project deadlines If you are confident in your ability to create a high-quality digital prototype based on the website Deveolpment to use for a web developer. I look forward to hearing from you with my...
I am looking for a React Frontend developer who can help me with a project that requires the following: Specific Features: - Responsive design Design: - I have wireframes or a design prototype for the frontend Timeline: - The project needs to be completed within 1-2 weeks Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in React - Experience with responsive design implementation - Ability to work with wireframes or design prototypes If you are confident in your React frontend skills and can complete the project within the given timeline, please reach out to discuss further details.
I am looking for a talented designer to create a logo for my brand. I have a gen... I need to develop a logo for the company ASPIROZ by next week. The company is an educational services agency that offers the following services: Undergraduate programs, specialized diplomas, master's degrees, doctorates, post-doctorates, all innovative and exclusively in collaboration with international universities. International educational consulting. Language courses. Other services. A prototype of the logo was created on canvas, using the following color codes: 1) #F0F0F2 for the letters, 2) #5CE1E6, 3) #004AAD, 4) #38B6FF, and 5) #0F1120 for the background. Please also provide a quote for the image for business cards, brochures, etc. The presentation and/or communication can be in Englis...
...Platform: Build a secure and responsive web-based platform for convenient access and management. Messaging Application: Implement a secure messaging feature to facilitate communication between pharmacy staff. Appointment Scheduling Calendar: Develop a user-friendly calendar system for patients to schedule appointments with ease. Prototype Development: As the software design has been finalized, the selected developer will be responsible for assembling a functional prototype. Skills and Experience Required: Proficiency in software development with a focus on healthcare/pharmacy solutions. Expertise in working with dictionaries for efficient data handling. Experience in integrating OCR technology into software applications. Strong background in building web-based platfor...
Project for Abinath T. @CDZ22 (Laravel backend developer) to work on a project that requires the following features and skills: PHP, Laravel, CSS,, Mysql, Javascript, JQuery, Hosting Features: - User authentication and authorization - CRUD operations for database entities - API integration with third-party services - Adding new functionalities Timeline: - The project needs to be delivered within a week Budget: - The budget for this project will be determined according to the hourly report Ideal Skills and Experience: - Strong knowledge and experience in Laravel backend development - Proficient in user authentication and authorization - Experience in CRUD operations for database entities - Familiarity with API integration with third-party services - Ability to add new functionali...
I am looking for a SketchUp expert who can help me produce a design for a product prototype that needs to be completed within a week. The design will be used for CNC machining purposes. Requirements: - Expertise in SketchUp to create accurate and detailed 3D models - Experience in product prototyping and CNC machining - Proficiency in working with specific dimensions and materials - Ability to deliver high-quality designs within tight deadlines Skills and Experience: - Strong knowledge of SketchUp, including advanced modeling techniques - Familiarity with CNC machining processes and requirements - Experience in creating designs for product prototyping - Attention to detail and precision in creating accurate 3D models - Ability to work with specific dimensions and materials provid...
...visualization. We will be using AWS for data pipeline and applications Please check the attached image for more details. (now included in the github repository) Deliverables: 1. Set up the development environment on my pc 2. Implement the data flow from sensors, to a db and visualization on a web-based app, to control the actuator based on the pre-programmed threshold and voice command. 3. Hardware prototype will be based on ESP32 and connect to internet over WiFi. It will monitor parameters such as Temperature, Humidity, Soil Moisture level etc and upload those information to a remote server 4. Server side programming/Android app 5. Advanced Features such as voice control 6: Assistance with Project Documentation 7. IOT AI visionary documentation with links and images (a mus...
Greetings. I'm looking for a WP full-stack developer ...looking for a WP full-stack developer to help me. To perform all kinds of tasks and projects on WP. People without experience or Elementor developers, please do not respond. Any information will not be superfluous: especially experience, stack, desired salary, etc. REQUIREMENT: be in a timzone close to +2 UTC. >> +-2h max difference. << Approximate stack: CSS, HTML, JavaScript, PHP, English, JQuery, Adobe Photoshop user, Git, WordPress, SASS, AJAX, Windows, Gulp, CMS, SEO, Jira, Bitbucket, Front-end development, Backend development, Google Search Console, API, Google optimize, PageSpeed Insights, Google Analytics, Figma, PC User, Bootstrap, MS Office, SQL, Linux OS user, Docker Compose, Docker. P.S. Salary...
** NOTE ** (IMPORTANT IMPORTANT IMPORTANT) Enteries MUST include ** Written Explanation of the design & Features ** Written Explanation of how the design meets the below requirements ** UX UI explanations/diagrams/wireframe Enteries missing this information will be REJECTED!! We ar...hotel and the culture, life, activities and sights in and around Brisbane and incorporate that into the design. JUDGING BASED ON: Visual Appeal of Presentation Materials. Communication of Objective and Significance. Explanation of Project Design and Methodology. Explanation of Innovation of Design Product and Actualization of Design Goal. Overall Presentation. Winner must provide a working prototype and all files required by my developers Make any changes that may be required. Thank you for...
I need a small-scale PCB design for an IoT project that integrates an ESP32-C6 chip, a power converter for up to 24VDC input, and a TTL communication module. The goal is to reduce the number of components to optimize for production and ensure the design is thermally suited for encased settin...ESP32-C6 chip, a power converter for up to 24VDC input, and a TTL communication module. The goal is to reduce the number of components to optimize for production and ensure the design is thermally suited for encased settings. The final output should include KiCad designs, GERBER files, a Bill of Materials (BOM), and detailed plans for prototype fabrication with vendors like PCBWAY, JLCPCB, ALLPCB, or others. This PCB design will evolve from an existing breadboard prototype using the ESP...
...measurements, and other details of your product must be displayed in the sketches or drawings. Concepts screening matrix with the chosen product concept and its supporting arguments highlighted (Scores OR +/-). Action Plan If possible, produce/manufacture a physical prototype for your product. Cardboards, wood, foam and other simple and cheap materials might be used to demonstrate the product physical prototype. The product prototype can be produced using mathematical or simulation solutions If it is not possible to produce/manufacture a prototype, an action plan for the manufacturing of the selected product concept shall be prepared and submitted. 5. Swim Lane Process Map: this diagram shows the phases and activities involved in creating the chosen product....
...measurements, and other details of your product must be displayed in the sketches or drawings. Concepts screening matrix with the chosen product concept and its supporting arguments highlighted (Scores OR +/-). Action Plan If possible, produce/manufacture a physical prototype for your product. Cardboards, wood, foam and other simple and cheap materials might be used to demonstrate the product physical prototype. The product prototype can be produced using mathematical or simulation solutions If it is not possible to produce/manufacture a prototype, an action plan for the manufacturing of the selected product concept shall be prepared and submitted. 5. Swim Lane Process Map: this diagram shows the phases and activities involved in creating the chosen product....
I am looking for a skilled CAD/3D model designer to create a smart fishing net prototype for me. The desired size of the prototype is large. Specific features and technology should be incorporated in the design, as I have some ideas in mind. However, I am open to suggestions from the freelancer as well. Please inquire for exact features. The deadline for the project is more than 2 weeks, allowing for ample time to complete the design. Ideal skills and experience for this job include: - Proficiency in CAD and 3D modeling software - Experience in designing prototypes for fishing equipment - Knowledge of smart technology integration in product design - Strong attention to detail and ability to follow specifications accurately.
I am looking for a freelancer who can create a 3D file for a printer. Skills and experience required: - Proficiency in creating 3D files in the specif...looking for a freelancer who can create a 3D file for a printer. Skills and experience required: - Proficiency in creating 3D files in the specified format (CAD) - Ability to interpret and bring to life a specific design provided by the client - Understanding of the requirements for creating a prototype 3D print The project involves: - Creating a 3D file in the specified format - Translating the client's specific design into a 3D model - Ensuring the 3D file is suitable for printing a prototype If you have experience in creating 3D files for printers, and have the skills to bring a specific design to life, I would ...
I am looking for a JavaScript developer to assist me with filtering tasks on an array using jQuery or JavaScript and passing value from Ajax Skills and experience needed: - Proficiency in JavaScript and jQuery - Strong understanding of array manipulation and filtering - Familiarity with jQuery library Timeline: - Immediate start and completion of the project
...physicalization to explore the potential of a representation of data that can be better understood by an audience through tangible means. In other words, in this last assignment you will create a physical artifact embedding data through algorithmic techniques to generate its 3D form. You will select data by yourself and then, you will use Grasshopper and Rhinoceros to complete your project iteratively from prototype to final stage utilizing digital fabrication techniques. Through this process you will identify appropriate fabrication methods to translate your virtual model into a physical one working between 2D and 3D modeling methods. Your artifact could be entirely digital fabricated or you can create it by mixing digital and handmade fabrication techniques, either way you wil...
Project Description: PCB Design and Prototyping for...control systems - Familiarity with coffee vending machine components and functionality - Knowledge of coin acceptor integration and LCD display programming - Ability to create a functional prototype for testing and validation Project Requirements: - Develop a PCB design for an existing coffee vending machine - Implement temperature control functionality to ensure optimal brewing conditions - Integrate a coin acceptor for convenient payment options - Incorporate an LCD display for user-friendly interface and information display Deliverables: - Design and layout of the PCB for the coffee vending machine - Prototype development and testing to validate functionality - Documentation and instructions for future production of t...
Project Description: Local Lifestyle Services App and Website Platform Overview: We are in search of a seasoned app and website prototype designer to collaborate on refining an existing prototype for a dynamic local lifestyle services platform. The platform encompasses a range of features, including QR code ordering, restaurant reservations, restaurant takeout, home renovation, domestic services, voucher sales, and a loyalty program. Key Features: 1,QR Code Ordering: Elevate the dining experience with an intuitive QR code scanning feature for in-restaurant ordering. 2,Restaurant Reservations: Facilitate seamless table reservations for users planning to dine out. 3,Restaurant Takeout: Streamline online orders for takeaway from local eateries. 4,Home Renovation Services: Con...
I am in need of a skilled website developer to assist with maintaining my website. The specific tasks that I require help with include adding new features to my website. More specifically, we need to update our JQuery version, while ensuring no interruptions to the website as a result. We also need to close an SSH port. The ideal candidate for this job should have experience working with Custom HTML/CSS websites and should be proficient in implementing new features seamlessly. The candidate should also be able to work independently, have strong problem-solving skills, and pay attention to detail. If you are interested in this project, please provide examples of your previous work and a brief explanation of your experience with Custom HTML/CSS websites.
I am looking for a React Native developer to help finish building a tile matching game. The game is reminiscent of a classic iOS game called Dungeon Raid: The game already has a working prototype, but requires a talented engineer and gamer to help bring it over the finishing line. Skills and experience required: - Proficiency in React Native, Expo. - Experience in game development (bonus point if in puzzle games.) - Ability to understand and implement specific game design elements and themes - Knowledge of iOS development and app store guidelines Will supply the full tech spec doc once we speak and have an IP agreement/NDA signed.
Figma link: I am looking for a skilled WordPress developer to create a one-page layout theme based on a design provided in Figma. This project has a timeline of 2-3 weeks. It's mostly a one-page design, a landing page concept. However, I need two additional intern...and Experience: - Proficiency in WordPress development - Experience in creating custom themes based on designs - Strong understanding of HTML, CSS, PHP, and JavaScript - Ability to work within tight timelines - Excellent communication skills - Ability to create a pixel-perfect design Outcome: You will install the theme on my WordPress and configure it, set it up so it looks just like the Figma prototype.
I am looking for a skilled PCB designer who can assist me with creating a double-layer PCB design. Key Requirements: - Experience in designing double-layer PCBs - Proficient in using PCB design software - Attention to detail and accuracy in the design process The project also requires the creation of a prototype based on the PCB design. Key Requirements: - Ability to create functional prototypes - Familiarity with prototyping tools and equipment The size and complexity of the PCB design is small and simple. Key Requirements: - Understanding of small-scale PCB designs - Ability to optimize space and minimize complexity If you have the necessary skills and experience, please submit your proposal and provide examples of your previous PCB design projects.
Position: Web Developer (2-4 years of Experience) Location: Kolkata Working Hours: US Shift. Eligibility Criteria: Proficient in PHP, MySQL, AJAX, jQuery, and JavaScript. Strong understanding of front-end technologies (HTML5, CSS3). Experience in Shopping Cart, Payment Gateway, and APIs Integration. Familiarity with CMS like WordPress; knowledge of frameworks like CodeIgniter or Cake PHP is a plus. Dedication to delivering high-quality work within timelines. Job Type: Full-time Salary: ₹15,000.00 to ₹25,000.00 /Month Note: Please provide your MONTHLY salary expectation in your bid.
Skills required: Wordpress, Elementor, WPBakery, HTML, CSS, Jquery, Custom carousels, sliders, Figma etc Worktime: 5 hours a day Monthly salary: 15000 INR Worktime: to be discussed Start Date: Immediate as possible Have to be experienced with sleek and modern designs. To qualify for the job, please create a sample carousel using html, css and jquery exactly as shown in the image attached. Partial work is not accepted. Use dummy contents, only focused on design.
...criativo, altamente organizado e responsável que contrata trabalho freelance/regular no desenvolvimento de J2EE e Android. Desenvolvi muitos aplicativos de nível empresarial em minha carreira anterior. Contrate-me para trabalhos de codificação de qualidade em tecnologias como: J2EE/Web - JSP-Servlet, Struts, Spring, Springboot, Hibernate - motor de busca Solr, Elastic search - Bootstrap, HTML5, JQuery - Angular JS, React JS - Tomcat, JBOSS, Jetty, Jogar......
I am looking for a developer to create a jQuery library tree view with the following functionality: - Expand and collapse nodes - Drag and drop nodes - Filter and search nodes The design style I prefer is minimalistic. I need this project completed within 1-2 weeks. Ideal skills and experience for this job include proficiency in jQuery, experience with tree view libraries, and knowledge of HTML and CSS.
...interface feel uniquely tailored. Functionality: Enable easy text input, AI-generated responses, and adjustment of GPT Builder settings. Clearly indicate loading or processing states. Provide guidance or tooltips for first-time users, personalized to the client’s context. Deliverables: Initial design concepts, including wireframes. Final UI design mockups for desktop and mobile. Interactive prototype demonstrating user flow and interaction. Timeline: Initial concepts within two weeks of project commencement, with final deliverables due ideally by end January 2024. Budget: Please offer the budget in your bid and ideally, outline the budget release milestones for this project. Additional Notes: Regular progress discussions and feedback sessions will be scheduled. We enc...
...experience with Opencart and be able to customize the theme according to our specific requirements. Key Notes: * Final package would include 1 single CSS file, and a few template file * Mainly original template files (twig) should be used. For critical parts they can be modified. * The will be no other theme engine (Journal etc.). * Bootstrap 5.3 would be used. (And of course mobile responsive) * No JQuery, * Every piece of CSS code would be very clean and organized. * A sample mockup for listing page attached. Also there are mockups for Home page and Product Page. But other pages (Login, cart, checkout etc. ) would be generated parallel to these pages. If you are a talented front-end developer with the required skills and experience, please submit your proposal with example...
I am looking for a skilled 3D modeler to create a functional prototype for my 3D printer project. Requirements: - Ability to create a detailed and accurate functional prototype - Experience with 3D modeling software such as AutoCAD or Blender - Understanding of the technical aspects of 3D printing Dimensions: - I need assistance with determining the specific dimensions for the prototype. Software: - There is no preferred software for the 3D model creation, so you can use the software you are most comfortable with. If you have experience in creating functional prototypes and are familiar with the process of 3D printing, please submit your proposal. Thank you!
...visualization. We will be using AWS for data pipeline and applications Please check the attached image for more details. (now included in the github repository) Deliverables: 1. Set up the development environment on my pc 2. Implement the data flow from sensors, to a db and visualization on a web-based app, to control the actuator based on the pre-programmed threshold and voice command. 3. Hardware prototype will be based on ESP32 and connect to internet over WiFi. It will monitor parameters such as Temperature, Humidity, Soil Moisture level etc and upload those information to a remote server 4. Server side programming/Android app 5. Advanced Features such as voice control 6: Assistance with Project Documentation 7. IOT AI visionary documentation with links and images Ideal...
I am looking to create an E-commerce website with a specific design in mind. I have some content ready for the website, but I will need more. Skills and experience needed: - Proficiency in WordPress website design - Strong knowledge of HTML and CSS - Experience in creating E-commerce websites - Ability to incorporate specific design elements from our Figma Prototype into the website - Excellent communication skills to gather additional content requirements from the client Please refer to the Project's Design Brief attached for more information.
I am looking for a freelancer who can quickly develop a working prototype based on my detailed wireframe screens. The prototype needs to be compatible with both web and mobile platforms. Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript - Experience in developing prototypes based on wireframe designs - Ability to work quickly and efficiently to meet project deadlines
...important that the freelancer has experience in mechanical CAD and isometric drawing techniques. - The project requires attention to detail and adherence to mechanical engineering standards. - Clear communication and timely delivery of the updated CAD drawings and isometric drawings are essential. Signing of an NDA and IP agreement are required to work on this. I have existing CAD drawings on a prototype product, however there is a new drawing needed for a change made to the current design, so an update drawing is required, from the existing drawing. The project is for a EV related product and will require a couple of drawings created / updated for this project. This will require a 2D technical drawing and a 3D CAD drawing of the parts as the end result of the project. We...
validating your product or business idea--definitely an important thing to do!
The article explores Java and JavaScript languages and how they are used.