Benefits of animation in education pdf jobs

Instruc...reverse the duplicate, so the video is double the length. c) Ask CHAT#$% for a list of scary/demonic/terrifying/spooky/weird names, try a few different names 2. Animate the writing and Dice.... if you think it looks good, possibly add cool effects/Ai tools/Ai animation/Video enhancement. Do whatever you think is best 3. Add sound (****Please use ONLY 100% Vector copyright free sounds and FX (full commercial use only)(No Attribution required) (Same with the Ai) 4. Try to seal Entries so nobody can see your work 5. Upload final work as .mp4 Dice: Other (copyright free) resources: Examples of final work from freelancers: Thanks!

I need a Word document created from a PDF file. This isn't a simple text extraction but requires keen attention to detail as the formatting of the original PDF must be maintained meticulously in the Word document. The PDF is mainly text, so you won't need to worry about handling complex elements like tables or graphs. Ideal candidates for this gig should have: - Proficiency in PDF and Word - Eye for detail to replicate exact formatting - Solid command of English and document formatting skills to ensure no loss of content or meaning in the conversion.

...collector who will assist me in acquiring vital information necessary for our sales and marketing campaigns. You'll be tasked with compiling a reliable list of emails and phone numbers for technology directors in K-12 school districts that I will specify. The ideal freelancer for this project: - Has a solid background in data-mining - Understands US K-12 Education System - Is meticulous and accurate The required data should include: - Technology Director's name - Their emails - Their contact numbers Accuracy and timeliness are critical for this project. Please only commit if you are confident you can deliver with great efficiency. This is a great opportunity for you to display your ability to garner high-value contacts and contribute...

...who can bring my song to life with a 15-second realistic animation sequence. The animation should match and follow the lyrics, setting the right tone for my energetic track. Key Requirements: - 3D Animation: The animation must be in a realistic style, capturing the essence of my character. - Scene Creation: The scene should be set in a room or warehouse, with creativity to match the song's vibe. - Mood & Atmosphere: The animation should convey an energetic, lively atmosphere that complements the lyrics. The ideal freelancer for this project will have: - Proficiency in 3D animation software. - Experience in creating realistic character animations. - A strong portfolio showcasing similar work. - The ab...

I'm looking for an experienced animator to create a 30-second 3D animated explainer video that introduces a new product. Key Responsibilities: - Create a 30...to introduce our new product effectively - Incorporate appropriate visual and audio elements to enhance the message I'm looking for someone who has: - Proven experience in creating 3D animation - A strong portfolio with previous 3D animated explainer videos - Good understanding of marketing and the ability to create engaging content - Good communication skills to understand and implement my vision If you are confident in your 3D animation skills and have a good understanding of how to introduce a new product effectively through video, I'd love to hear from you. Please inclu...

Necesito un logotipo que se ajuste a mis necesidades, el nombre es "WOLFCREST CAPITAL VENTURES" el emprendimiento se dedica a "real estate" compra y venta de casas, el logo debe ser imponente con una tipografia bold, el iso tipo tiene que fusionar un lobo con la actividad del emprendimiento, en las propuestas puede usarse las iniciales "WCV", el logotipo tiene que ser ci...mis necesidades, el nombre es "WOLFCREST CAPITAL VENTURES" el emprendimiento se dedica a "real estate" compra y venta de casas, el logo debe ser imponente con una tipografia bold, el iso tipo tiene que fusionar un lobo con la actividad del emprendimiento, en las propuestas puede usarse las iniciales "WCV", el logotipo tiene que ser cien por ciento vectores, y ne...

Hello, I am very excited to be a part of this project. Speaking on topics like this are very helpful, and I am here to help you convey your message through my illustration and animation. As an animator, I will do my job well. I am also open to any feedback.

...objective is to add in certain features (very simple features to begin with for this part 1 of the improvement) and possibly remove some useless features / calculations that may not be needed. Simply a cleanup of the UI. There is no major change into the design and purpose of the app, its simply just as stated; removing redundant features and to add some life improvements to the current App. Feel free to ask me any questions if you want a more in detail description and or images to the current app. Mind you we will be screening candidates to work with before replying to your message as from previous work we notice a lot of automated bidders and responders. A little detail about the app: - It is simply a calculation helper to tell users what...

I''m looking for ​an expert ​in Canadian pensions ​and personal tax, with full knowledge of CPP, OAS, GIS, ​and BC Senior Supplement benefits. I​ am not looking for generic or investment advice, but personalized consulting at an hourly rate by video. ​You would advise me between these two scenarios: whether I should take the OAS and GIS now and defer my drawdowns of RRSP and LIRA, or defer OAS to age 70 and draw down my RRSP now, based on income and tax projections. You must have financial modelling skills and have done this kind of analysis before. You must have excellent English skills. I will require you to participate in a preliminary voice interview, for which I may pay. Reply with your non-binding estimate of for how many h...

I'm in need of a professional who can help me create a concise executive report. The aim of this project report is to provide a high-level summary of key findings, conclusions, and recommendations. The report should be in PDF format for ease of distribution and review by stakeholders. Ideal candidates will be able to: - Understand complex data and distill it down to key points - Write clearly and concisely - Produce attractive and easy-to-read documents in PDF format - Understand how to structure an executive report for maximum impact This project is ideal for individuals with experience in business analysis, data interpretation, or executive summaries. If this sounds like a project you'd be interested ...

Currently in need of a proficient freelancer for converting my book from PDF to Word format. As unsure if the final Word file should retain the formatting of the original PDF, passages in the book do not seem to need specific attention to detail like conversion of images, tables, graphs, etc. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in PDF and Word. - High attention to detail. - Excellent command of the English language. - Prior experience in book or similar document conversions. Please bid if you have the experience and skills to undertake this project.

Company Overview: I have a limited stock of 15 high-quality replica shoes that I need to sell quickly. If you're looking to make some quick cash, this project is perfect for you. I'm seeking motivated individuals to handle the sales process for me while I focus on other tasks. Job Description: I'm looking for proactive and results-driven Shoe Sales Representatives to help me sell my inventory of replica shoes. This is a straightforward project that requires you to take full responsibility for selling the shoes on my behalf. If you're looking for a quick and easy way to make money, this is the opportunity for you. Responsibilities: -Promote and sell my limited stock of replica shoes to potential buyers. -Use your sales skills to generate leads and ...

...could help in updating my online courses. The updates should primarily focus on making the content more relevant and engaging for intermediate learners. Key Tasks: - Adding new content: You'll be responsible for researching, writing, and incorporating new material to keep the course content up-to-date and engaging. - Rewriting existing content: If the existing content needs to be rephrased or updated, you'll need to rewrite it without altering the core message and learning objectives. - Improving course structure: You'll also need to assess and potentially reorganize the course structure to enhance the learning experience for the target audience. Ideal Skills: - Experience in instructional design and e-learning development - Proficiency in writin...

"Please go through the PDF attached before applying." I need an expert in TikTok's community guidelines and social media platforms to review flagged videos for compliance with community guidelines. Key responsibilities will include identifying and reporting content violations. A background in content moderation would be ideal, although it's not a hard requirement. Given the nature of the job, proficiency in written and spoken language is assumed, though no specific requirement was mentioned.

QuickBites Delivery is an online platform dedicated to food delivery services. We are currently seeking a minimalist logo that effectively represents our core activities, including food delivery and efficient transportation. It should match our brand identity colors. Please go through the attached PDF for complete requirement along with sample logos that I like.

We are on the lookout for a skilled writer with open genre expertise. A...expertise. As some pertinent details have been skipped, we are keeping our requirements flexible. - Type of Writing: Be it creative, technical, or copywriting, your proficiency in all is appreciated. - Topic Genre: No particular subject is specified. Hence, your ability to write on a wide range of topics, including science, business, and education, is valuable. - Writing Purpose: Whether it is informative, persuasive, or entertaining writing, overlap them or work with one, based on the given task. Ideal freelancers should have a diverse portfolio showcasing their ability to work with multiple writing formats, topics and purposes. Strong research skills will also be a plus, given the open-e...

...animator to help me bring a Swiss novel, "Heidi", to life in a series of 60-second videos. This series should include simple, yet engaging, 3D cartoon characters borrowed from the classic tale but in a unique, playful twist. Expectations: - The style of the videos should be comedic and light-hearted. - While we wish to remain respectful to the source material, we’re open to some creative liberties with the plot. Key Skills and Experience: - Prior experience in 3D animation and video creation. - Excellent storytelling abilities. - Knowledge or willingness to familiarize with Heidi, the Swiss novel. - Ability to balance adherence to original storyline while injecting fresh creativity. Please provide a quote for a single video ...

I need floor plans for a single-floor residential building. The plan should accurate...Storeroom - Ensuite toilet + shower The ideal freelancer for this job will have extensive experience in architecture or interior design with a sharp eye for detail. The ability to suggest the most efficient use of space, taking into consideration natural light and movement flow, will be highly beneficial. This is a small building with 3 rooms 2 studions with ensuite shower and toilet, and a small storeroom. Size +/-45-50 m2. A simple hip roof &/or another cheaper alternative to build roof eg. slanted flat or skillion. Patio is 0.8m. Roof should extend to cover the 0.8m patio Brick size 290mm x 140mm x 90mm * Floor plan and elevations required * 3D is not required * File to be expor...

I need an expert to analyze a LVL beam that has been recently installed. The main goal of this analysis is to determine the structural integrity of the beam. Key Requirements: - You will be provided with detailed photos of the installed LVL beam. It's crucial to base the analysis solely on these images. - The final deliverable should be in PDF format. This should be a comprehensive report outlining the findings of the structural integrity. I am looking for someone who has: - Proven experience in structural engineering and analysis. - Proficiency in analyzing structural components through visual inspection. - Ability to communicate technical details clearly in a report format.

Require urgent. To be submitted on 4th May 2024 Need a presenatation about below topics- - Introduction & Types of Drones - Type of Applications - Benefits of drones - Drone business market globally in 2040 - Drone business market in a country in 2040 - Vertical industry in a country (Construction, Surveying & Mapping, Asset Inspection, Security) - Use cases - Local Drone Players - Existing Companies using Drones - Where we stand?

...PowerPoint and education-based presentation skills to create an engaging and educational presentation. The main purpose of this project is to educate an internal audience on 'How to create an effective project schedule'. The freelancer should have: - Expertise in creating engaging PowerPoint presentations - *Strong* understanding of project scheduling (I will also supply some background information, a baseline framework of how I want the training/presentation to go, and some reference presentations on other topics to show how the end product can look) - Experience in designing educational content for a corporate audience Presentation Guidelines: - Content should be clear and well organized - Visual elements must be used to improve ...

I am looking for a skilled animator who specializes in creating engaging, cartoon-like 3D animations targeted towards adults. The primary purpose of this project will be for advertising a product. - Expertise in 3D animation - primarily cartoon style - Proven experience in creating engaging content for adult audience in advertising - Background in marketing and understanding of adult consumer behaviors preferred - The final animation should be eye-catching and able to effectively convey the product's benefits to the target audience. Your creativity will be greatly valued in this project. Please provide examples of your previous work that aligns with this project.

...professional writer who is well-acquainted with the GDPR compliance and UK Education laws to complete a SARs request. The draft will be provided, and the document should be less than 500 words. Key Requirements: - UK Data Protection and Education Laws: The writer needs to focus on GDPR compliance and relevant education laws in the UK. - Word Count: The SARs request document should be less than 500 words, covering the essential information. - Time Sensitivity: The task needs to be completed within 24 hours. Ideal Candidate: - Legal Writing Experience: A background in legal writing, particularly in data protection and education laws, is highly preferred. - Proficient in GDPR: A deep understanding of GDPR compliance and its ...

I am seeking an experienced web developer to convert a Figma hero image into an engaging HTML5/CSS animation. Ideally, the animation should be designed to enhance the overall web user experience. The applicant should demonstrate their skills and previous work in their application. Key Responsibilities: - Convert Figma design into HTML5 and CSS3 code - Create a hover effect for the animation - Ensure the animation is user-friendly and professional Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficient in Figma, HTML5, CSS3 - Have extensive experience in web animation - Strong portfolio of past work that directly relates When applying, please include relevant examples of your past work.

More details: What are the basic requirements of the FARE? • Length: 7 pages, not including the Reference list • Double-spaced, 1” margins, 12-point font (Times New Roman) • Incorporates information borrowed from at least five relevant scholarly and/or peer-reviewed sources • Accurately uses APA formatting for in-text parenthetical citations and list of sources (References) What are the steps involved in writing the FARE? • Choose an issue that is related to the course theme—AND is important and interesting to you personally. • Choose relevant, credible sources; in most cases, you will build on your previous research in WR 122, but you may need to do additional research and reading. • Review your sourc...

You must be a skilled 3D artist to create a realistic character animation that will be used for my video that will be edited on Wonder Studio. The character must look real. I will share the character I need made with the successful bidder. I will need variations and adjustments of the character made until I am happy with the 3D character design. Send me samples of your realistic characters you have made. See samples of the realistic quality I need: See the link about character requirements. You will need to help me load the finished character into my video on wonder studio and make sure it works perfectly

I'm in need of a highly skilled freelancer to create a captivating 15-20 second 3D animation video for my furniture business. The primary goal of this animation video is to attract new customers and promote a giveaway. Ideal Skills & Experience: - Proficient in 3D animation and CGI - Previous experience in producing videos for promotional purposes - Strong understanding of storytelling and viewer engagement techniques - Ability to work within tight deadlines I look forward to seeing your creative interpretations. Your expertise in capturing the viewer's attention and making our brand more appealing would be a perfect fit. If you have previous experience in similar projects, I encourage you to att...

As it was communicated with the client, the design of a logotype for an artificial intelligence technology will be delivered to it. Five proposals can make three corrections and a final zip file will be delivered that contains the logo in jpg, png, pdf.

I am searching for a professional who can modify a few sentences in in a a pre-existing PDF, with clarity and precision being paramount. The edits need to blend seamlessly into the existing content, meaning maintaining the current style and tone is crucial. Key responsibilities will include: Editing specific sentences in the text Ensuring the edited text is consistent with the existing style and tone Ideal candidates should possess: Excellent written English proficiency Ability to mimic styles and tones in writing Proficiency in using PDF editing software Attention to detail Strong communication skills to understand the depth of the task.

I'm in need of a talented animator to create a 15-second birthday trailer animation. I've opted for a hand-drawn traditional animation style to add a personal touch. The animation would focus on the theme of a birthday party. As for design, I'm quite open to the animator's discretion, giving ample room for creativity. Timely execution within a week is important. Remember, the budget is set between $50-$70. Ideal skills would include: - Experience with traditional, hand-drawn animation styles - Ability to create engaging birthday-themed animations - Can work within the proposed budget and deadline - Creative design ability, with minimal guidance.

I am searching for a professional who can modify a few sentences in a pre-existing PDF, with clarity and precision being paramount. The edits need to blend seamlessly into the existing content, meaning maintaining the current style and tone is crucial. Key responsibilities will include: - Editing specific sentences in the text - Ensuring the edited text is consistent with the existing style and tone Ideal candidates should possess: - Excellent written English proficiency - Ability to mimic styles and tones in writing - Proficiency in using PDF editing software - Attention to detail - Strong communication skills to understand the depth of the task.

The required photos are attached. Please read the PDF document attached for instructions. Winner will be chosen based on quality of work and how well you follow the instructions in the attached PDF document.

...support in executing an educational program focused on menstrual hygiene for school-going girls. The program should be spread over 3 months and integrate interactive workshops and instructional videos. Key Responsibilities: - Collaborate to design and execute interactive workshops on menstrual hygiene for girls - Develop engaging and informative instructional videos catering to the target audience - Enable a smooth flow of the program over a 3-month period Ideal Skills & Experience: - Previous experience in creating and executing educational programs for adolescent girls - Ability to design engaging and interactive workshops - Proficiency in creating informative and engaging instructional videos - Understanding of girls' educational needs a...

I have a medium volume of handwritten documents, roughly 22 pages (not full pages), that need to be converted into a Word document. Skills and Experience: - Proficient in handwriting recognition - Experience in converting handwriting to digital text - Expertise in Word document formatting - Ability to follow specific guidelines accurately - Strong attention to detail I attatched the handwritings in the pdf file and i need those handwritings of every page to be in the form of the lesson plan document i need it to be finished maximum in 2-3 days thnx

I'm seeking an experienced resume writer to update my current CV. It sh...seeking an experienced resume writer to update my current CV. It should highlight my business background, specifically in Finance, Management, and Business, and tailor it to appeal to consulting/project-based work environments. Key tasks involve: - Redrafting content to align with consulting business skills - Demonstrating expertise in consultancy, managerial, and financial roles - Designing a clean, professional layout The final result needs to be delivered in both Word document and PDF file formats. Ideal candidates for this project are those who have: - Proven experience in professional resume writing - In-depth understanding of business and finance indust...

...develop a series of 3D animated videos aimed at teaching preschool (ages 3-5) participants new language skills. The primary goal of these videos is language development and the desired animation style is cartoon-like. Key Components: - Appreciation for vibrancy: The animations should be lively and entertaining, especially since we're targeting a young age group. - Language Complexity: The language used should cater to preschool learners. This requires expertise in language development for early childhood education. - Multiple Episode Creation: This will be an ongoing project, with multiple episodes to be created over time. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in 3D Cartoon Animation - Background in early childhood ...

I am on the hunt for a proficie...on the hunt for a proficient video editor with a knack for handling animation projects. Key Responsibilities: - Effectively manage video editing tasks, primarily focused on animation. - Add advanced effects and transitions to enhance the quality and appeal of the animation. Ideal Skills: - Proven experience in advanced video editing. - Proficiency in animation, specifically in the creation and editing of animated characters and elements. Please note that editing will typically be for animated videos, and the ability to work professionally and efficiently is vital. Your experience and previous work samples in this field will be a significant determinant in the hiring process....

? **Join Our Penetration Testing Team!** A...Pentesting - Network Pentesting - Managed IT Services **Requirements:** - Proven knowledge and experience in the aforementioned fields. - Ability to work effectively on diverse projects. - Strong problem-solving and analytical skills. **Benefits:** - Engage in diverse and challenging projects. - Opportunity for a stable monthly salary after a successful probationary period. - Collaborative and growth-oriented work environment. **How to Apply:** Please submit: 1. Previous work samples or a portfolio demonstrating your expertise. 2. Average cost estimation for your services. 3. Timeframes for completing typical projects. Don't miss this chance to be part of a dynamic team driving innovation in cybersecu...

...exceptional communication skills in English? If so, we have an exciting opportunity for you! Company Overview: At RocketHomez LLC, we're a dynamic real estate investing business with a passion for expanding our portfolio. We specialize in acquiring properties and creating value through strategic investments. As we continue to grow, we're seeking talented individuals to join our team and drive our success. Position: Cold Calling Specialist Responsibilities: Conduct outbound cold calls to homeowners to identify potential investment opportunities. Build rapport with homeowners and effectively communicate our value proposition. Set appointments for our acquisition team to further explore potential properties. Maintain accurate records of calls and appointm...

I have a Wordpress site set up with a template installed, but I need a skilled freelancer to get it properly configured for the target audience, which is young adults. Requirements: - Set up and ensure the functionality of the website's blog capability. - Implement a user-friendly contact form for site visitors. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven experience in setting up Wordpress websites. - Understanding of user experience and design principles. - Ability to configure Wordpress themes for optimal user engagement. - Strong portfolio of past work, particularly any projects targeting young adults.

I'm seeking a talented graphic designer with significant experience in 3D animation to craft a unique and engaging logo for my project. It is essential that you have a keen eye for design principles and a deep understanding of animation dynamics to create a stylish yet functional logo which aligns to our brand identity. Efficient and professional communication alongside timely delivery are also important for successful collaboration. The ideal freelancer should have: * Proficiency in Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, and other design software * Extensive experience with 3D animation techniques * Strong portfolio demonstrating solid visual design skills * Good grasp of aesthetic trends and branding techniques Your tasks will include: ...

I am looking for a skilled animat...50-second, whiteboard-style explainer video for my project. This video is focused on delivering concise, straightforward, and understandable information. - Script: I will provide a complete and polished script, so your focus will be solely on the visual aspect. - Animation Style: I specifically require whiteboard animation. I appreciate creativity and attention to detail. - Voice Over: The project does not require voice-over work. I have done the voice over. Ideally, you will have experience in whiteboard animation and be able to show samples of previous work. The ability to work to a deadline and communicate regularly about project progress will be beneficial. Your ability to transfer complex data into a visually com...

I am seeking a seasoned writer with a solid background in breakthrough technologies and environmental sciences in wastewater treatment. The task at hand is to compose a compelling and informative article up to 2000 words, on the numerous benefits of membrane bioreactor(MBR) technologies for wastewater treatment within the food manufacturing industry. Skills & Requirements: - Extensive experience in technical and scientific writing - Adept at converting complex concepts into engaging content - Familiar with the food manufacturing industry Writing Focus: - Exploring improved wastewater treatment efficiency offered by membrane bioreactor technologies - Discussing the sustainability advantages for food manufacturers - Highlighting the reuse and ...

...support in executing an educational program focused on menstrual hygiene for school-going girls. The program should be spread over 3 months and integrate interactive workshops and instructional videos. Key Responsibilities: - Collaborate to design and execute interactive workshops on menstrual hygiene for girls - Develop engaging and informative instructional videos catering to the target audience - Enable a smooth flow of the program over a 3-month period Ideal Skills & Experience: - Previous experience in creating and executing educational programs for adolescent girls - Ability to design engaging and interactive workshops - Proficiency in creating informative and engaging instructional videos - Understanding of girls' educational needs a...

...background for my website banner. The theme of the banner is Cloud Computing in healthcare, focusing on oncology solutions. Key elements within the design should include: - Cloud Platform - Medical symbols for CT, cancer care, oncology software - Linear Accelerators (linacs) - Icons or images representing treatment planning - Icons representing Managed Service Cloud Benefits (Data protection, Security, ITSM, 24/7 support, etc.) The color scheme for the banner should predominantly include shades of blue, signifying the trust and confidence we inspire in our users. It will be beneficial if the designer posses previous experience in healthcare or technology industry related design to understand the technicalities and deliver refined results. ...

I am in need of an experienced 3D animator capable of creating a professional corporate themed video to promote my service on Facebook. This video will play a major role in my marketing strategy, hence it needs to be engaging and of high quality. Key Requirements: - Expertise in creating 3D animations suitable for Facebook ads. - Ability to design professional corporate themed videos. - Experience in advertising and promoting professional services. - Understanding of Facebook ad requirements and formats. - Creative mindset to conceptualize and execute on theme. Your role will involve more than animation - I seek your creativity and input to make this video highly effective. Please provide samples of previous 3D video ...

I have an ETE file that I urgently need to be converted into PDF format. Vumingo only This particular file contains images that I want to be preserved in the final output to maintain its visual appeal. All contents should remain exactly the same; no modification, adjustment or removal is necessary. Ideal candidates for this project should: - Be proficient in handling ETE files. - Understand how to efficiently convert ETE to PDF without losing image quality. - Have the ability to deliver within a short timeframe. This is a straightforward task requiring precise execution. Your attention to detail, speed and competency with file conversions will serve you well on this task.

I'm in urgent need of an expert in video creation to produce a series of videos for me, covering a range of styles and content types. Requirements: - I require a mix of Explainer videos, Promotional videos, Educational videos and Animation video. - The intended duration for each video should be 1-3 minutes. - All videos must be delivered in an Animation style. Ideal skills and experience: - Proven track record in creating diverse video content. - Proficiency in Animation video creation. - Understanding of Explainer, Promotional, and Educational video styles.

...seeking an intermediate-level embedded systems developer specialized in the use of interrupts in parallel programming. A knack for solving synchronization issues and implementing real-time functions is imperative. Your responsibilities will include: - Develop and optimize various IoT devices, automotive systems, and medical devices - Solve synchronization problems efficiently - Implement real-time functions effectively The ideal candidate should have: - Solid experience in embedded systems development - Knowledge of interrupts for parallel programming - Familiarity with IoT devices, automotive systems, and medical devices With your digital dexterity, you will propel our diverse projects towards success, leveraging the benefits of par...

**PLEASE SEE AND READ THE ATTACHED PDF WEB DEMO ACCOUNT A report is required with the following information: Report where it marks the maximum fuel level value (load) in this case it is 20,000 liters The report must have the condition to take the load point if it was kept at a high level for more than 10 minutes, it has not moved and the value did not change, let's say 5000,10000,15000,20000lts, it will mark it as load, when it is stopped for 10 minutes and begins to detect discharge movement of more than 2000 liters, it will take the last largest value as the discharge. • The report must be generated in the same place where they are currently generated (image 1). The PDF, HTML and XLS format is required, such